{"id":3252,"date":"2026-09-04T10:35:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T07:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/2026\/09\/04\/diabetes-of-young-onset\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T17:24:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T14:24:33","slug":"diabetes-of-young-onset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/2026\/09\/04\/diabetes-of-young-onset\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabetes of young onset (MODY) &#8211; a clinical caseand diagnostic and therapeutic approach"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"icon-box featured-box icon-box-left text-left is-small\"  >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon-box-img\" style=\"width: 20px\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon-inner\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" src=\"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/icons8-user-48.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon-box-text last-reset\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"article-authors\">\n<strong>\nT. Ruskov<sup>1<\/sup>, \nR. Savova<sup>2<\/sup>, \nN. Yaneva<sup>1,3<\/sup>, \nO. Slavcheva-Prodanova<sup>1,3<\/sup>, \nIv. Dimova<sup>3,4<\/sup>, \nM. Arshinkova<sup>1,3<\/sup>\n<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-affiliations\">\n<sup>1<\/sup> Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Children\u2019s Diseases \u201cProf. Ivan Mitev\u201d, Sofia<br>\n<sup>2<\/sup> Medical Center SARA, Sofia<br>\n<sup>3<\/sup> Medical University \u2013 Sofia<br>\n<sup>4<\/sup> Laboratory of Genomic Diagnostics, Sofia\n<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" ><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes that is often underdiagnosed and misclassified as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. MODY is characterized by beta-cell dysfunction, absence of autoantibodies, and a positive family history. In this report, we present a patient with a seven-year history of diabetes, unusually low daily insulin requirements, and negative pancreatic islet autoantibodies. Genetic testing revealed heterozygosity for the pathogenic variant c.598C&gt;T (p.Arg200Trp) in exon 3 of the HNF1A gene, which is associated with MODY type 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key words:<\/strong> <em>monogenic diabetes, MODY 3, <em>HNF1A<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" ><\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-memberships-member-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce-info wc-memberships-restriction-message wc-memberships-message wc-memberships-content-restricted-message\">\n\t\t\t\tTo access this content, you must purchase <span class=\"wc-memberships-products-grant-access\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/produkt\/godishen-abonament\/\">\u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/a><\/span>.\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Libman I, Haynes A, Lyons S et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:1160\u201374. doi:10.1111\/pedi.13454<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoffman LS, Fox TJ, Anastasopoulou C, et al. Maturity-onset diabetes in the young. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 [cited 2026 Feb 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532900\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Greeley SAW, Polak M, Nj\u00f8lstad PR et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:1188\u2013211. doi:10.1111\/pedi.13426<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tattersall RB. Mild familial diabetes with dominant inheritance. Q J Med. 1974;43:339\u201357<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shields BM, Hicks S, Shepherd MH et al. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): how many cases are we missing? Diabetologia. 2010;53:2504\u20138. doi:10.1007\/s00125-010-1799-4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sharp LN, Colclough K, Murray Leech J et al. Population prevalence, penetrance, and mortality for genetically confirmed MODY. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;dgaf599. doi:10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf599<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Todd JN, Kleinberger JW, Zhang H et al. Monogenic Diabetes in Youth With Presumed Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) Collaboration. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:2312\u20139. doi:10.2337\/dc21-0491<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bellann\u00e9-Chantelot C, Carette C, Riveline JP et al. The Type and the Position of <em>HNF1A<\/em> Mutation Modulate Age at Diagnosis of Diabetes in Patients with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)-3. Diabetes. 2008;57:503\u20138. doi:10.2337\/db07-0859<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chakera AJ, Steele AM, Gloyn AL et al. Recognition and Management of Individuals With Hyperglycemia Because of a Heterozygous Glucokinase Mutation. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1383\u201392. doi:10.2337\/dc14-2769<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c, \u0421\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0420, \u0410\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442 &#8211; \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430, \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442. GP News. 2010;7:5\u20138.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0421\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0420, \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041e. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f Suppl \u0417\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440. 13\u201321.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mirshahi UL, Colclough K, Wright CF et al. Reduced penetrance of MODY-associated HNF1A\/HNF4A variants but not GCK variants in clinically unselected cohorts. Am J Hum Genet. 2022;109:2018\u201328. doi:10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.09.014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wenzlau JM, Hutton JC. Novel Diabetes Autoantibodies and Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2013;13:608\u201315. doi:10.1007\/s11892-013-0405-9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Leighton E, Sainsbury CA, Jones GC. A Practical Review of C-Peptide Testing in Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8:475\u201387. doi:10.1007\/s13300-017-0265-4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pearson ER, Starkey BJ, Powell RJ et al. Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes. The Lancet. 2003;362:1275\u201381. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14571-0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes* et al. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49:S183\u2013215. doi:10.2337\/dc26-S009<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Crowley MT, Ng N, Goulden E et al. Sulphonylurea efficacy and end\u2010organ outcomes in the management of HNF4A \u2010 MODY. Diabet Med. 2025;42:e70139. doi:10.1111\/dme.70139<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wu HX, Chu TY, Iqbal J et al. Response to Letter to the Editor From Hooper: \u201cCardio-cerebrovascular Outcomes in MODY, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.\u201d J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024;109:e1416\u20137. doi:10.1210\/clinem\/dgad720<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Steele AM, Shields BM, Wensley KJ et al. Prevalence of Vascular Complications Among Patients With Glucokinase Mutations and Prolonged, Mild Hyperglycemia. JAMA. 2014;311:279. doi:10.1001\/jama.2013.283980<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" ><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Address for correspondence:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Todor Ruskov <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, SBAL \u201cProf. Ivan Mitev\u201d &#8211;<br>Sofia <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blvd. \u201cAcad. Ivan Evstatiev Geshov\u201d, 11 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1606, Sofia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:todor.e.ruskov@gmail.com\">todor.e.ruskov@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T. Ruskov\u00b9, R. Savova\u00b2, N. Yaneva\u00b9\u02d2\u00b3, O. Slavcheva-Prodanova\u00b9\u02d2\u00b3, Iv. Dimova\u00b3\u02d2\u2074, M. Arshinkova\u00b9\u02d2\u00b3 ||| \u00b9 Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Children\u2019s Diseases \u201cProf. Ivan Mitev\u201d, Sofia ||| \u00b2 Medical Center SARA, Sofia ||| \u00b3 Medical University \u2013 Sofia ||| \u2074 Laboratory of Genomic Diagnostics, Sofia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_pediatria_doi":"10.66223\/pediatria.2026.3.009","footnotes":""},"categories":[1301,2684,3399,2679,1],"tags":[511,1095,3308,3316,3481,3482,3315,3483,3317,3307,3311,3314,3309,3313,1291],"class_list":["post-3252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-issue-3-2026","category-broj-3-2026","category-statii","tag-511","tag-1095","tag-diabetes-of-young-onset-mody-a-clinical-case-and-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-approach","tag-hnf1a","tag-mody-3","tag-monogenic-diabetes","tag-diabet-s-nachalo-v-mlada-vazrast-mody-klinichen-sluchaj-i-diagnostichno-terapevtichen-podhod","tag-m-arshinkova1","tag-monogenen-diabet","tag-o-slavcheva-prodanova1","tag-r-savova2","tag-t-ruskov1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3252"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3260,"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3252\/revisions\/3260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pediatria-spisanie.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}