Articles, Issue 4/2023

Attention-deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder – Genetic Screening to aid Diagnosis and Treatment

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Ts. Veleva, D. Avdjieva-Tzavella


Abstarct

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide, with a prevalence of 5 – 7 % in the child population and 2 – 5 % in adults. The main symptoms of the syndrome are attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It can occur isolated or in combination with other psychiatric disorders such as language and learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. ADHD may be a secondary manifestation of an underlying chromosomal aberration or neurometabolic disease. The etiology of the disorder is assumed to be multifactorial and results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. There has been extensive work to identify genetic factors associated with the etiology of ADHD, severity of symptoms, course of illness, persistence of complaints, and the pharmacogenetics, but there is not yet a consensus.
Key words: attention-deficit, hyperactivity, array CGH, NGS, treatment

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Address for correspondence:

University Children’s Hospital,
Department of Clinical Genetics,
11, “Ivan Geshov”, Str.
1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: tsveti_iv_87@abv.bg